![]() descends in superf fascia between mid line and ant sternocleidomastoid, turns lat at root of neck and opens into termination of ext jugular.arises near hyoid from confluence of submandibular veins (submental venous plexus).smallest of jugular veins, usually paired (joined by jugular venous arch just sup to sternum).subclavian (from axillary v.), anterior to scalenus anterior.Part 3 (lat): dorsal scapular, (occasionally suprascapular a).Part 2 (post): costocervical trunk (® sup intercostal, deep cervical).thyroid, transverse cervical, suprascapular) Part 1 (med): vertebral, internal thoracic, thyrocervical trunk (® inf.is divided into three parts by scalenus anterior, it gives the following branches:.covered by sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles.passes sup and to right, post to sternoclavicular joint where it divides into r.largest branch of arch of aorta, 4-5 cm in length and arises post to centre of manubrium. ![]() right (r): brachiocephalic trunk, branches into r.key structures: thoracic inlet, cervical pleura, scalenus anterior.junctional area between neck and thorax.runs from base of skull to sup mediastinum.sympathetic chain lies post, outside sheath.encloses common carotid and internal carotid arteries, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve.axillary sheath is extension of this fascia.brachial plexuses are deep to this fascia situated in front of prevertebral muscles of neck (surrounds cervical vertebrae and associated muscles).sup: hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage.splits to enclose thyroid, trachea and oesophagus.inf: spine of scapula, acromion process, clavicle, manubrium.occipital protuberance, sup nuchal line, mastoid process, lower border of mandible forms roof of anterior and posterior triangles of neck.deeper lamina (between angle of mandible and styloid process) forms stylomandibular ligament.between angle of mandible and mastoid process, it splits into two laminae to enclose parotid gland, superficial lamina (parotid fascia) extends to zygomatic arch.splits to enclose two muscles (trapezius & sternocleidomastoid), two salivary glands (parotid & submandibular) and two spaces (suprasternal & supraclavicular).deep fascia of neck condenses to form four layers: investing, pretracheal, prevertebral, and carotid sheath. ![]() Physiology and radiology of the normal oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing. Manofluorographic analysis of swallowing. Movement of the epiglottis during deglutition. Breathing and swallowing in normal man-effects of changes in body position, bolus types, and respiratory drive. ![]() Hårdemark Cedborg AI, Bodén K, Witt Hedström H, Kuylenstierna R, Ekberg O, Eriksson LI, Sundman E. Respiratory and acoustic signals associated with bolus passage during swallowing. Breathing and swallowing dynamics across the adult lifespan. Martin-Harris B, Brodsky MB, Michel Y, Ford CL, Walters B, Heffner J. Temporal coordination of pharyngeal and laryngeal dynamics with breathing during swallowing: single liquid swallows. Martin-Harris B, Brodsky MB, Price CC, Michel Y, Walters B. Neuromuscular specializations within human pharyngeal constrictor muscles. ![]()
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